{"window_days":7,"from":"2026-09-14","games_returned":18,"games_withheld_below_min_bets":1,"min_bets":100,"method":{"estimator":"mean payout multiplier, currency independent","interval":"95%, mean plus or minus 1.96 standard errors","source":"each casino's own public bet feed, captured by us","sampling":"the feeds are rolling windows the operators publish; this is a sample of their flow, not the whole of it, and the selection rule is not visible to us","declared_rtp":"only Stake.com publishes a house edge, so declared_rtp and gap are null for other operators","selection_bias":"the feeds are the operators' own marketing surfaces and the selection leans toward winning rounds, so observed_return is UNCORRECTED and biased upward by an unknown amount that differs per operator. feed_bias reports 'curated' where an observed return above 100% proves the feed is incomplete, since no game returns more than it takes over the long run."},"confidence_levels":{"high":">=10000 bets","moderate":">=1000","low":">=100","insufficient":"<100"},"publishable":["low","moderate","high"],"source_kinds":{"observed":"Counted directly from the operator's public feed.","derived":"Computed from observed data through a documented method.","reported":"Published by the operator. We repeat it, we do not verify it.","estimate":"Model output carrying assumptions. Always a range."},"games":[{"casino":"Cloudbet","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":23619,"observed_return":0.1408144299211918,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.00628405234671081,"ci95":[0.12849768732163863,0.15313117252074498],"max_multiplier":54.31111111111111,"confidence":"high","margin":0.012316742599553189,"publishable":false,"withheld":"implausible","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9640543630128287,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Roobet","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"unknown","bets":23455,"observed_return":0.9535902695132302,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.11091694813102225,"ci95":[0.7361930511764266,1.170987487850034],"max_multiplier":1802.1,"confidence":"high","margin":0.21739721833680362,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9123854188872309,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Cloudbet","game":"Duck Hunters Happy Hour","provider":"nolimit city","bets":9699,"observed_return":0.08476139415452863,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.008504969722085696,"ci95":[0.06809165349924066,0.1014311348098166],"max_multiplier":47.850000000001856,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.016669740655287965,"publishable":false,"withheld":"implausible","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9772141457882256,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Roobet","game":"Duck Hunters 16K","provider":"unknown","bets":7589,"observed_return":0.7978348687456587,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.06924506937715805,"ci95":[0.6621145327664288,0.9335552047248885],"max_multiplier":216,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.13572033597922978,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.909078930030307,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Roobet","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"unknown","bets":6953,"observed_return":0.9276432906759149,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.09465557124362538,"ci95":[0.7421183710384092,1.1131682103134206],"max_multiplier":391.29999999999995,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.18552491963750573,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9068028189270818,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Cloudbet","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"nolimit city","bets":6005,"observed_return":0.10331491693430034,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.007108405219453875,"ci95":[0.08938244270417074,0.11724739116442993],"max_multiplier":14.933333333333334,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.013932474230129594,"publishable":false,"withheld":"implausible","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9660283097418818,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Shuffle","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"unknown","bets":5546,"observed_return":0.8626228761343043,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.06907461279689901,"ci95":[0.7272366350523822,0.9980091172162264],"max_multiplier":221.20333333333335,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.13538624108192207,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.862243058059863,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Winna","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":4035,"observed_return":2.006238294919455,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.13383426560687475,"ci95":[1.7439231343299804,2.2685534555089295],"max_multiplier":262,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.2623151605894745,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.6765799256505576,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Roobet","game":"Duck Hunters Happy Hour","provider":"unknown","bets":3449,"observed_return":0.8278960238638042,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.11200395535366223,"ci95":[0.6083682713706262,1.0474237763569823],"max_multiplier":189.16,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.21952775249317796,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9127283270513192,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Shuffle","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"unknown","bets":1869,"observed_return":1.0156680047050035,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.15052880987822972,"ci95":[0.7206315373436732,1.310704472066334],"max_multiplier":182.3,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.29503646736133027,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.850187265917603,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Winna","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"nolimit city","bets":1143,"observed_return":1.6581424846894135,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.3929091575373986,"ci95":[0.8880405359161123,2.428244433462715],"max_multiplier":399.29982,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.7701019487733012,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.7585301837270341,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Winna","game":"Duck Hunters: Happy Hour","provider":"nolimit city","bets":789,"observed_return":2.2705911280101394,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.386547752635993,"ci95":[1.5129575328435931,3.0282247231766855],"max_multiplier":219.04021,"confidence":"low","margin":0.7576335951665463,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.6831432192648923,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"BC.Game","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimitcity","bets":664,"observed_return":0.9411318762379504,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.3345991685351735,"ci95":[0.2853175059090103,1.5969462465668904],"max_multiplier":166.5000019429473,"confidence":"low","margin":0.6558143703289401,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9081325301204819,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Shuffle","game":"Duck Hunters: Happy Hour","provider":"unknown","bets":511,"observed_return":0.6502542946101008,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.10102465562609735,"ci95":[0.45224596958294994,0.8482626196372516],"max_multiplier":37.9,"confidence":"low","margin":0.1980083250271508,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.8512720156555773,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"BC.Game","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"nolimitcity","bets":453,"observed_return":1.3785738437478505,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.5004864361457544,"ci95":[0.397620428902172,2.359527258593529],"max_multiplier":194.95023129480845,"confidence":"low","margin":0.9809534148456786,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.9161147902869757,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"BC.Game","game":"Duck Hunters Happy Hour","provider":"nolimitcity","bets":281,"observed_return":0.7848457756158046,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.20034836720669574,"ci95":[0.39216297589068094,1.1775285753409284],"max_multiplier":35.175001188115075,"confidence":"low","margin":0.39268279972512365,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-21"},"published_loss_share":0.900355871886121,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Stake.com","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":207,"observed_return":9.855306241545893,"declared_rtp":0.96,"gap":8.895306241545892,"std_error":2.8572879653282155,"ci95":[4.255021829502591,15.455590653589194],"max_multiplier":399.9,"confidence":"low","margin":5.600284412043302,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-14"},"published_loss_share":0.6859903381642513,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":"reported","gap":"derived"}},{"casino":"Stake.com","game":"Duck Hunters","provider":"nolimit city","bets":124,"observed_return":3.6823145887096773,"declared_rtp":0.9605,"gap":2.721814588709677,"std_error":1.016023151884033,"ci95":[1.6909092110169726,5.673719966402382],"max_multiplier":95.146667,"confidence":"low","margin":1.9914053776927048,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-14","to":"2026-09-14"},"published_loss_share":0.7096774193548387,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":"reported","gap":"derived"}}]}