{"window_days":7,"from":"2026-09-06","games_returned":5,"games_withheld_below_min_bets":1,"min_bets":100,"method":{"estimator":"mean payout multiplier, currency independent","interval":"95%, mean plus or minus 1.96 standard errors","source":"each casino's own public bet feed, captured by us","sampling":"the feeds are rolling windows the operators publish; this is a sample of their flow, not the whole of it, and the selection rule is not visible to us","declared_rtp":"only Stake.com publishes a house edge, so declared_rtp and gap are null for other operators","selection_bias":"the feeds are the operators' own marketing surfaces and the selection leans toward winning rounds, so observed_return is UNCORRECTED and biased upward by an unknown amount that differs per operator. feed_bias reports 'curated' where an observed return above 100% proves the feed is incomplete, since no game returns more than it takes over the long run."},"confidence_levels":{"high":">=10000 bets","moderate":">=1000","low":">=100","insufficient":"<100"},"publishable":["low","moderate","high"],"source_kinds":{"observed":"Counted directly from the operator's public feed.","derived":"Computed from observed data through a documented method.","reported":"Published by the operator. We repeat it, we do not verify it.","estimate":"Model output carrying assumptions. Always a range."},"games":[{"casino":"Cloudbet","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":42025,"observed_return":0.26867462824352106,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.006076583216733626,"ci95":[0.25676452513872317,0.28058473134831896],"max_multiplier":84.6,"confidence":"high","margin":0.011910103104797906,"publishable":false,"withheld":"implausible","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-10","to":"2026-09-13"},"published_loss_share":0.8691255205234979,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Roobet","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"unknown","bets":14726,"observed_return":0.812136632393675,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.06017974848234213,"ci95":[0.6941843253682843,0.9300889394190656],"max_multiplier":520.8000000000001,"confidence":"high","margin":0.11795230702539057,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-10","to":"2026-09-13"},"published_loss_share":0.9128751867445335,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Shuffle","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"unknown","bets":5010,"observed_return":0.8782878138838146,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.07016448627597874,"ci95":[0.7407654207828963,1.015810206984733],"max_multiplier":229.81333333333325,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.13752239310091832,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-10","to":"2026-09-13"},"published_loss_share":0.8596806387225548,"feed_bias":"unknown","observed_return_note":"Uncorrected for feed selection. The operator chooses which rounds to publish.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Winna","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":2529,"observed_return":3.038534033214709,"declared_rtp":null,"gap":null,"std_error":0.3766510222579195,"ci95":[2.300298029589187,3.7767700368402313],"max_multiplier":757.28051,"confidence":"moderate","margin":0.7382360036255222,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-10","to":"2026-09-13"},"published_loss_share":0.6144721233689205,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":null,"gap":null}},{"casino":"Stake.com","game":"Duck Hunters 2","provider":"nolimit city","bets":1484,"observed_return":9.854858752021563,"declared_rtp":0.96,"gap":8.894858752021563,"std_error":1.1613052685330545,"ci95":[7.578700425696777,12.13101707834635],"max_multiplier":810.003333,"confidence":"moderate","margin":2.276158326324787,"publishable":false,"withheld":"imprecise","diverges_from_declared":null,"window":{"from":"2026-09-10","to":"2026-09-13"},"published_loss_share":0.6907008086253369,"feed_bias":"curated","observed_return_note":"This feed publishes more wins than it publishes losses, proven by an observed return above 100%. Read it as a floor on the operator's curation, not as the game's return.","source":{"bets":"observed","observed_return":"derived","declared_rtp":"reported","gap":"derived"}}]}